Estoy trabajando en un programa verilog que quiero que muestre algún tipo de forma de onda de audio (capturada desde mi micrófono) a través de un VGA. Utilizo el siguiente módulo para cambiar nuevas muestras de audio y cambiarlo por el búfer que se usa para almacenar los valores del cuadro actual que representa el controlador vga.
module audio_shift_buffer#
(parameter BUFFER_SIZE = 1280)
(
input vga_clk,
input smp_clk,
input [7:0] sample_in,
input sample_in_valid,
input [10:0] vga_read_index,
output reg [7:0] vga_read_out,
input vga_swap_buffers
);
reg [7:0] smp_buf[BUFFER_SIZE - 1:0];
reg [7:0] vga_buf[BUFFER_SIZE - 1:0];
integer i;
always @(posedge smp_clk)
if(sample_in_valid) begin
for(i = 0; i < BUFFER_SIZE - 1; i = i + 1)
smp_buf[i] <= smp_buf[i + 1];
smp_buf[BUFFER_SIZE - 1] <= sample_in;
end
integer j;
always @(posedge vga_clk) begin
if(vga_swap_buffers)
for(j = 0; j < BUFFER_SIZE; j = j + 1)
vga_buf[j] <= smp_buf[j];
vga_read_out <= vga_buf[vga_read_index];
end
endmodule
Este módulo se crea dentro de mi visualizador de audio de nivel superior junto con vga_controller.
module audio_visualizer
(
input clk,
input m_data,
output m_clk,
output reg m_lr = 1'b1,
output vga_hs, vga_vs,
output [3:0] vga_r, vga_g, vga_b,
input sw
);
wire vga_clk;
wire [10:0] sound_level_index;
clk_wiz_0 cwz(clk, vga_clk);
wire [7:0] vga_read;
wire swap;
audio_shift_buffer sb
(
.vga_clk(vga_clk),
.smp_clk(vga_clk),
.sample_in({8{sw}}),
.sample_in_valid(swap),
.vga_read_index(sound_level_index),
.vga_read_out(vga_read),
.vga_swap_buffers(swap)
);
vga_controller v
(
.vga_clk(vga_clk),
.hsync(vga_hs),
.vsync(vga_vs),
.r(vga_r),
.g(vga_g),
.b(vga_b),
.sound_level_index(sound_level_index),
.sound_level(vga_read),
.swap_buffers(swap)
);
endmodule
Finalmente aquí está mi controlador VGA.
module vga_controller#
(
parameter H_VISIBLE = 1280,
parameter H_FRONT_PORCH = 72,
parameter H_BACK_PORCH = 216,
parameter H_SYNC = 80,
parameter V_VISIBLE = 720,
parameter V_FRONT_PORCH = 3,
parameter V_BACK_PORCH = 22,
parameter V_SYNC = 5
)
(
input vga_clk,
output [3:0] r, g, b,
output reg hsync, vsync,
output [10:0] sound_level_index,
input [7:0] sound_level,
output reg swap_buffers
);
localparam H_RES = H_VISIBLE + H_FRONT_PORCH + H_BACK_PORCH + H_SYNC;
localparam V_RES = V_VISIBLE + V_FRONT_PORCH + V_BACK_PORCH + V_SYNC;
localparam H_IN_VIDEO = H_VISIBLE;
localparam H_IN_BP = H_IN_VIDEO + H_BACK_PORCH;
localparam H_IN_SYNC = H_IN_BP + H_SYNC;
localparam H_IN_FP = H_IN_SYNC + H_FRONT_PORCH;
localparam V_IN_VIDEO = V_VISIBLE;
localparam V_IN_BP = V_IN_VIDEO + V_BACK_PORCH;
localparam V_IN_SYNC = V_IN_BP + V_SYNC;
localparam V_IN_FP = V_IN_SYNC + V_FRONT_PORCH;
reg [10:0] x = 0, y = 0, next_x, next_y;
always @(posedge vga_clk) begin
x <= next_x;
y <= next_y;
end
always @* begin
next_y = y;
if(x == H_RES - 1) begin
next_x <= 0;
if(y == V_RES - 1)
next_y <= 0;
else
next_y <= y + 1;
end else
next_x <= x + 1;
end
always @(posedge vga_clk) begin
hsync <= ~(next_x >= H_IN_BP && next_x < H_IN_SYNC);
vsync <= ~(next_y >= V_IN_BP && next_y < V_IN_SYNC);
swap_buffers <= next_y == V_IN_VIDEO && next_x == 0;
end
reg vout_enable;
always @(posedge vga_clk) begin
vout_enable <= next_x < H_IN_VIDEO && next_y < V_IN_VIDEO;
end
wire [10:0] request_x = next_x + 1;
assign sound_level_index = request_x < H_IN_VIDEO ? request_x : 0;
wire [10:0] ubound = 11'd360 + sound_level;
wire [10:0] lbound = 11'd360 - sound_level;
reg color;
always @(posedge vga_clk) begin
color <= next_y <= ubound && next_y >= lbound;
end
assign r = {4{color & vout_enable}};
assign g = {4{color & vout_enable}};
assign b = {4{color & vout_enable}};
endmodule
En este momento solo lo tengo conectado a un interruptor en mi tablero. Agrega una "muestra" del interruptor después de cada cuadro. Cuando lo probé todo parece funcionar perfectamente. Las barras blancas se desplazan por la pantalla cuando el interruptor está encendido y negras en caso contrario. Sin embargo, recibo las siguientes advertencias de síntesis que no tienen ningún sentido para mí. Los elementos que enumera claramente se están utilizando. Si no fuera así, dudo que el programa funcione. Incluso enumera vga_read_out como no utilizado, lo que no puede ser cierto, ya que es la única forma en que el controlador puede obtener datos y mostrar el resultado correcto. ¿Que esta pasando aqui?
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1279][5] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1279][4] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1279][3] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1279][2] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1279][1] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1279][0] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[0][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[0][5] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[0][4] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[0][3] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[0][2] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[0][1] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[0][0] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_read_out_reg[7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_read_out_reg[5] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_read_out_reg[4] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_read_out_reg[3] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_read_out_reg[2] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_read_out_reg[1] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_read_out_reg[0] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1279][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1278][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1278][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1277][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1277][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1276][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1276][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1275][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1275][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1274][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1274][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1273][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1273][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1272][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1272][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1271][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1271][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1270][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1270][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1269][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1269][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1268][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1268][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1267][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1267][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1266][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1266][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1265][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1265][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1264][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1264][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1263][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1263][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1262][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1262][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1261][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1261][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1260][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1260][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1259][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1259][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1258][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1258][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1257][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1257][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1256][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1256][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1255][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1255][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1254][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1254][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1253][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1253][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1252][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1252][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1251][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1251][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1250][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1250][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1249][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1249][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1248][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1248][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1247][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1247][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1246][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1246][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1245][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1245][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1244][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1244][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1243][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1243][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1242][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1242][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1241][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1241][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\smp_buf_reg[1240][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
[Synth 8-3332] Sequential element (\vga_buf_reg[1240][7] ) is unused and will be removed from module audio_shift_buffer.
Si los está eliminando, en realidad no se usan, pero no siempre es obvio por qué.
Creo que en tu caso, la razón es:
.sample_in({8{sw}}),
El sintetizador es lo suficientemente inteligente como para darse cuenta de que los bits de cada palabra de tus recuerdos ( smp_bufy vga_buf) son idénticos. Como resultado, decide que no tiene sentido duplicar el hardware, también podría tener una versión de 1 bit de ancho.
Dondequiera que se haya usado la palabra de 8 bits de ancho, solo llena los 8 bits con el valor de la nueva palabra de 1 bit de ancho. Esto da como resultado el mismo comportamiento pero con menos lógica.